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UPDATED GATE 2021 SYLLABUS
Posted on :- 2020-08-09 10:37:38
GG Geology and Geophysics
Part A: Common Section
Earth and planetary system – terrestrial planets and moons of the solar system; size, shape, internal structure and composition of the earth; concept of isostasy; elements of seismology – body and surface waves, propagation of body waves in the earth’s interior; Heat flow within the earth; Gravitational field of the Earth; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism; continental drift; plate tectonics – relationship with earthquakes, volcanism and m...
FORAMINIFERA
Posted on :- 2020-06-17 13:40:53
INTRODUCTION:-
Micropaleontology is concerned with microfossils and nanofossils (the latter being smaller than 50 μm), the study of which must, of necessity, be carried out using the light or electron microscope. Such microfossils are:-1- The remains of unicellular and multicellular micro-organisms.2- The dissociated elements and skeletal fragments of macro-organisms.
They consist of these types: Foraminifera, Ostracods, Coccolithophora, Diatoms, Radiolaria, and Dinoflagellates.
Among this...
Climatic Classification-The Köppen System
Posted on :- 2020-06-10 19:30:24
Climatic Classification— The Köppen System
A widely used classification of world climates based on the annual and monthly averages of temperature and precipitation was devised by the famous German scientist Waldimir Köppen (1846–1940). Initially published in 1918, the original Köppen classification system has since been modified and refined. Faced with the lack of adequate observing stations throughout the world, Köppen related the distribution and type of native vegetation to the vari...
FAUNA OF SIWALIK GROUP
Posted on :- 2020-06-10 16:40:18
The Shiwalik Group is well known for its wealth of vertebrate fauna, though they are confined to only certain horizons and only some of them are of biostratigraphic importance. Of added significance is the occurrence of hominoids in almost all the formations.
The following list of fauna is selected from among these reported forms the different formations
LOWER SHIWALIKCarnivora: Amphicycon so., ViverrachinjiensisProboscidea: Deinotherium, Gomphotherium, StegolophodonSuidae: Listriodon, Conohys...
DEFORMATION AND COMPONENT OF DEFORMATION
Posted on :- 2020-06-09 15:28:09
DEFORMATION
the term refers to the distortion (strain) that is expressed in a (deformed) rock. This is also what the word literally means: a change in form or shape. However, rock masses can be translated or rotated as rigid units during deformation, without an internal change in shape. For instance, fault blocks can move during deformation without accumulating any internal distortion. Many structural geologists want to include such rigid displacements in the term deformation, and we refer to...
Earth’s Magnetic Field
Posted on :- 2020-06-05 10:40:25
Earth's magnetic field (and the surface magnetic field) is approximately a magnetic dipole, with the magnetic field S pole near the Earth's geographic north pole ( Magnetic North Pole) and the other magnetic field N pole near the Earth's geographic south pole ( Magnetic South Pole). The magnetic field is generated by electric currents due to the motion of convection currents of a mixture of molten iron and nickel in the Earth's outer core: these convection currents are caused b...
Vertical electrical sounding
Posted on :- 2020-05-17 21:47:57
A two-layer situation is encountered often in electrical prospecting. two-layer cases were interpreted with the aid of characteristic curves.
These theoretical curves, calculated for a particular four-electrode array, take into account the change in depth penetration when current lines cross the boundary to a layer with differentresistivity.
The electrical boundary conditions require continuity of the component of current density J normal to the interface and of the component of electric ...
Pracipiturbation
Posted on :- 2020-04-29 00:22:31
Praecipiturbations (all SSDS that are due to the deformational activity caused by precipitation, e.g. rain or hail imprints)
ALLOGENIC MINERALS
Posted on :- 2020-04-28 13:09:25
Allogenic minerals - These are formed elsewhere and transported into the area of deposition.
YARDANG
Posted on :- 2020-04-27 22:04:46
Yardangs are normally defined as spectacular streamlined, sharp and sinuous ridges that extend parallel to the wind, and are separated by parallel depressions. They are sometimes said to resemble upturnedships’ hulls. Yet the form of yardangs varies. Two size classes are distinguished – mega-yardangs and yardangs. Mega-yardangs, which are over 100 m long and up to 1,000 m wide, are reported only from the central Sahara and Egypt, some good examples occurring in the Boukou area near the Tibes...
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